lowercase uppercase

http://linuxcommando.blogspot.ca/2008/05/how-to-convert-text-files-to-all-upper.html

How can you convert a text file to all lower case or all upper case?

As usual, in Linux, there are more than 1 way to accomplish a task.

To convert a file (input.txt) to all lower case (output.txt), choose any ONE of the following:

• dd

  $ dd if=input.txt of=output.txt conv=lcase

• tr

  $ tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' < input.txt > output.txt

• awk

  $ awk '{ print tolower($0) }' input.txt > output.txt

• perl

  $ perl -pe '$_= lc($_)' input.txt > output.txt

• sed

  $ sed -e 's/(.*)/L1/' input.txt > output.txt

  We use the backreference 1 to refer to the entire line and the L to convert to lower case.

To convert a file (input.txt) to all upper case (output.txt):

• dd

  $ dd if=input.txt of=output.txt conv=ucase

• tr

  $ tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' < input.txt > output.txt

• awk

  $ awk '{ print toupper($0) }' input.txt > output.txt

• perl

  $ perl -pe '$_= uc($_)' input.txt > output.txt

• sed

  $ sed -e 's/(.*)/U1/' input.txt > output.txt